The Objectives Of Employee Resourcing

The Objectives Of Employee Resourcing In the conduct of performance of any business, it has often been regarded that the employees constitute the most important part of the organization. The employees are the backbone and foundation of the business because they make its operation possible. They are part of every success story, as well as the unfortunate failure of the organizations. Employees are the most valuable asset of the business. Overtime, the proper management of the companys workforce has been called upon by concerned groups and even by the management itself. Various programs and practices have been designed and geared towards improving them and developing their skills so that they can be better assets in the operation of the organization. Successful human management skills have been called upon in order to improve the workforce. Effective employee recruitment and staff selection, improving the performance of the workforce, and reduction of staff turn-over are some of the immediate concerns of human resource dep artments in todays modern working environment. It is of paramount concern that organizations should be able to maintain a dynamic labor force in order to achieve better performance. With this, employee resourcing has been a primary concern among organizations which are concerned about managing their people. EMPLOYEE RESOURCING Employee resourcing has been defined as ensuring that the organization obtains and retains the human capital it needs and employs them productively. It is also about those aspects of employment practice that are concerned with welcoming people to the organization and, if there is no alternative, releasing them (Armstrong, 1977).this definition holds that the concept of human resourcing entails not only managing peole when they are kept within the context of the organizational operations but also when there is a need to release them especially if their performance on their job does not at all seem to be satisfactory and productive. Employee resourcing answer questions which include the kind of people that the organization needs to compete effectively at present and in the near future and the things that the company needs to do to be able to attract and keep their most valuable asset as they influence a better performance of the business. This concept operates on the notion which puts paramount importance to the employee in the function of any business. It regards that the employees are indispensable to success and they should be therefore properly and effectively manage. They should be given continuous education and training so that they will also perpetually help in the improvement and growth of the business. Most importantly, organizations must be concerned on how to keep these employees which are considered investment in the business. Price (2000) defined employee resourcing as the ability of the management or nay concerned group to be able to identify the suitable people which should be working in the organization and to be able to allocate the tasks and jobs which they have to work on while being employed in the said business. Moreover, the author also mentioned in his book that employee resourcing entails the presence and other practice related to management including: strategy and planning in which the management attempts to determine what will the human resource require in the near future like the number of employees, the skills that they need, and other relevant matters; research which is primarily concerned with identifying the competencies which are essential in the performance of tasks; recruitment which entails getting the best people from inside and outside the organization to work and help in establishing a better business; and selection which entails choosing the best among the crop to be working in t he company. These functions associated with employee resourcing are very important among human resource practitioners and are often emphasized when choosing the work force of the business. A careful employee resourcing strategy will be a big help for the business to be bale to identify and to choose the best employees who will be working with them. THE OBJECTIVES OF EMPLOYEE RESOURCING The primary objective of an employee resourcing strategy would be to obtain the right basic material in the form of a workforce endowed with the appropriate qualities, skills, knowledge, and potential for future training. The selection and recruitment of workers best suited to meeting the needs of the organization ought to form a core activity upon which most other HRM policies geared towards development and motivation could be built (Keep, 1989). This major objective of employee resourcing necessitates that organizations are being called upon investing in their employees through proper recruitment and selection and adequate training which will provide them continuity in improvement in their various organizational functions. A sound employee resourcing strategy will result in a workplace of competent individuals who are geared towards performing at their best. Aside from the above-mentioned there are also other objectives which are associated to employee resourcing and they are identified in the succeeding statements as illustrated by Armstrong (200). The objectives of employee resourcing in todays contemporary organizations also include determining the number of people required to meet business needs. This aspect must be evaluated carefully. The business exists in order to profit, therefore it must consider the number of people it employs to be assured that their compensation is within the business reach. With employee resourcing, there is a potential to properly identify how many are exactly needed to get the job done with the best results possible. Hiring too many people or too few employees can both generate problem in the business. It is also the objective of employee resourcing is to identify and manage the skills which are essential for business performance. It is an acknowledged fact that it is not enough that there is a presence o f the right number of employees within the organization. There is a great need that these employees are the right people for the job and for the business. Prior to hiring these employees, there is a need to identify their respective skills which will be helpful in the business. These skills will be regarded as the assets of the employees and will be their edge against other during the recruitment phase of employee resourcing. Once hired, there is also a growing concern for management to manage these skills. This means that there is a need for the management to establish various programs which are geared towards improving the skills which were already present in the workforce. Workshops and training activities, for instance, are some of the avenues in which these skills can be better improved. Furthermore, another objective of human resourcing would be changing the organizational culture. The employees are the entities which show the major significance in forming a corporate culture. To be able to establish a sound organizational culture, there is a need to establish a sound labor force as well. With that, it is important for management to properly manage its people to be assured that only a sound culture will be practices within business performance. The attitudes, beliefs, and personal characteristics of the employees should be properly managed through employee resourcing in order to establish a better workplace. It is the duty of human resourcing to ensure that the above-mentioned objectives are being met by the strategies which were stipulated by the company towards managing its people. PRACTICE IN ORGANIZATIONS As mentioned, the benefits that employee resourcing entails are quite significant in the operations of a business. The objectives which were earlier mentioned were also common among organizational practice. With that, organizations of today do not discount the importance of employee resourcing in its operations. The human resource managers and the company management are always concerned about this concept and on how such concept will be brought about inside the organizations. These reflect the practices which are aimed towards ensuring that the business is able to obtain and retain the human resource that it actually needs and employ them both effectively and efficiently. The human resource planning is composed of various steps and processes among organizations. Presented below are the processes and how they are practiced among selected organizations or industries. The first process in employee resourcing is human resource planning. This process, according to Armstrong (2000), human resource planning determines the people needed to meet the strategic objectives of the organization. It assures that the organization has the right number of people, in teh right place, at the right time, with the aim of delivering the strategic plan of the organization. This concept holds and put an importance in determining the right people in the organization to carry out their functions and to be of help to the management is establishing their goals and objectives as they go on with business operation. Being viewed as a significant organizational process, this attempts to look at the future of the operation of the organization and takes a look at the future of business and environmental demands of the organization with emphasis on hiring the right and qualified employees to carry out such functions. For instance, Barclays is one of the leading banks in the Unite d Kingdom with branches in different parts of the world. The employees who are involved in the operation of the bank are quite big in number as its operation extends fro its home country to different regions in the world. With the organizations globally dispersed operation, it is paramount among management concern to put an emphasis on human resource planning to be assured that they are hiring only people which are fit in the banking and financial industry and those employees who are equipped with the necessary knowledge. The company will not employ people whom they deem are not worthy in the industry and who they thought can no longer be improved even with thorough training. In the year 2007, the company employs and estimated number of 134,900 employees (The Climate Group, 2007). These employees were carefully selected by concerned individuals and groups and are believed to be contributing factors to the future of the company and helping the business achieve its goals. Along with h iring the right people, human resource planning in Barclays Bank will also entail questions such as what new technologies will affect the working system and what is the employee turn-over rate and how much can be avoided. Being concerned with managing the right people, human resource planning is also concerned with technological advancements which might change the perspective of human resource management in the future that is why there is also a significant emphasis undertaken on such issue. Furthermore, the employee turn-over rate and how to avoid it is also critical of all the concerns in human resource planning. Employee resourcing should take people as being assets and big investments that are why there is a need for management to properly take care of them and do their best to be ensured that they are kept within the business. Employee turn-over rate should be at a minimum and such will only be possible if the business will establish a working environment and corporate culture which will address all the significant needs of its labor force. The next process in employee resourcing is talent management. This process is basically concerned with establishing an organization which is talent-powered wherein the employees have distinct set of talents which are considered to be one of the companys biggest investment and source of innovation and success in the marketplace. Among contemporary organizations, management was able to realize that there is a paramount need to be bale to invest and identify with essential and significant talents which can provide the business a landscape of success, opportunities, and growth. This leads the management to be very particular when it comes to defining talent needs, discovering diverse sources of talent, developing both individual and collective talent in the organization, and deploying such talent in a way that it can help the company achieve its organizational goals (Cheese et al, 2008). One example of organizations with particular focus on talent management would be Best Buy, a consumer electronics retailer which transformed its business strategy into being customer-centric through the organizations talent management of its workforce. The management of the company recognizes that what is most significant in the success of business nowadays is not investing in capital rather it is investing in the employees. Such is actually true especially considering the fact that these employees are the backbone of the business, they develop, create, and they deliver. It is the employees who are supposed to deliver superior value and quality more than the product itself. It is important to have excellent customer service to reap business performance success. For instance, at Best Buy they develop the talents of their employees to be able to end up with extraordinary value for the company. This is a good perspective of looking at business strategies by recognizing the need to talent management in the workforce as they become front liners to the success of the company. Another important process in employee resourcing would be recruitment and selection. There is one common and paramount objective of every organizations recruitment and selection process: to appoint the right person in the right job. It is very critical in all organizations to hire only those who are fit ad qualified in certain positions and those who are anticipated to perform well in their jobs with the objective of helping the business achieve its goals. The process of recruitment and selection is very critical because it affects the capability of the business to achieve targets, the quality of the products and services which are offered to the consuming public, and the well-being of the entire team working towards the goal of establishing a better business (Dale, 1995). The practices of recruitment and selection vary per company depending on the preferences of the management and what they deem is most effective in helping them achieve their objectives. Google, for instance, demons trates one very effective strategy. They sponsor local events where participants are given time to shine in their respective skills and then they are referred for interview in the company. They held Code Jam, a contest open for math and computer specialists where the participants tried their bests in an almost four hours coding competition. They also sponsor essay riting contests to see the competitiveness of the writers. The top contestants are invited for interview and if they passed, will be offered a job at Google. This practice of the company is a very good measure and will also prove to be effective as well. Sponsoring such contests enables the company to see the best of the crop and they were able to see actual works from the participants. For instance, during the coding contest, the management was able to see how the specialists work on different codes and solve them. Moreover, same thing is true with the essay writing contest where the management saw actual written works. T hese things provide the management with a closer look and actual perspectives on the quality of potentials works from the participants who will be recruited and selected. After a careful recruitment and selection practice within organizations, the next process would entail introduction to the organization. This next process entails employee orientation where the individual is made aware of their tasks, their supervisors, and their colleagues providing them a favorable initial experience and giving them the reasons on why they should stay within the organization for a long time. Since the employee orientation program technically provides the employees with their very first experience in the company, such should be a dynamic practice which the individual should enjoy. It should be able to deliver a thought-fully planned program which should be focused in building a harmonious relationship within the company. Such should be viewed as a process, and not an event (Lawson, 2006). Starbucks, for instance, takes introduction of employees in the organization seriously because they believed that one never gets the second chance to establish a good first impress ion and such process is helpful in order to establish culture and reduce employee turn-over rate. During the first days of employees at Starbucks they are introduced to the organization with a video fro Howard Schultz, their CEO, via video educating them about the history and culture of the company which should also form part of their perspectives as they work for the business. The CEO compared their introduction process to young children. During the early years of these children people would be very much interested in raising an impression which creates self-esteem and confidence. After they are though of this, you let them go out and make their own decisions with basis and foundation from what they have previously learned about. At the company, the employees are introduced by saying how much the management cares about what they do (Gruner, 1998). This is a good company practice because it establishes a perspective which is positive for employees as they are being given the trust o f their employers. The video of the CEO greeting the newly hires is also helpful because it will create a more confident working environment for the new members of the company. The last process in employee resourcing would be releasing of employees. It must be acknowledged that no matter how the company tries its best to retain everyone and to establish a sustainable organizational culture, it is inevitable that employees will leave the organization and companies are left with no option but to just release them and let them go. Releasing is also based on deliberate company rules especially against violation of disciplinary standards and work regulations or unsatisfactory performance in their jobs. Releasing can be based on redundancy. This mans that technological advancements have been providing the tasks carried out by the employee that is why there is no more need for human effort and it is already dependent on machines. Setting higher standards with regards to performance is another factor on why companies release employees. This is true in cases where the performance of the employee is not doing the company any good at all. Furthermore, releasing can al so be voluntary. Under this, employee voluntarily leaves the company in search for better opportunities and for other personal reasons. Microsoft released a number of its employees last year in order to reduce cost. This process of releasing is deliberate to the organization. Microsoft has no intention of leaving thousands of their employees jobless; it is just that they have to cut-down on costs to be able to survive in the corporate world. Such step must have had received criticism by unions, but then ity must be realized that Microsoft just did what it thought would be ebst for cost-reduction and to maintain a sustainable performance despite a business which is actually not doing so good in the global market. The sluggish company of the present has been forcing many companies to release employees within the organization. Such a strategy should be done carefully in order not to ruin lives of employees and should include incentives and provide alternatives once employees are releas ed from the company. CONCLUSION With the above discussion, it can be deemed that indeed employee resourcing is a very important dimension in the field of human resource management. The importance of this practice is significant to both the management and the employees for it is beneficial for both parties which are concerned. The programs, procedures, and processes for managing the employees is very important for all organizations to be assured that they are employing the right people in the right job. The employee resourcing process must be bale to address all important concerns regarding the people in organizations because such will entail a long term benefit for the business once it is properly executed. The employee resourcing process must be able to illustrate the companys undertaking towards hiring the people who would be able to compete effectively, today and in the future. More importantly, such will be concerned on how the business could be able to retain its greatest asset and investment: the employees.

Argumentative Paper- Innocent Until Proven Guilty

More than 20 years ago, Troy Davis, an African-American man from Georgia, was convicted of shooting and killing an off-duty police officer and sentenced to death. Several years later, seven out of nine eyewitnesses altered or completely recanted their stories (Troy). There was an obvious lack of evidence linking Davis to the crime. His legal team argued that he was Just in the â€Å"wrong place at the wrong time† (Troy). The U. S. Supreme Court repeatedly ruled against Davis' appeals for a new trial. Davis was ultimately executed based on the original Jury verdict.Troy Davis maintained his innocence until his death by lethal injection on September 21, 2011. His last words to the family of the murdered officer were, â€Å"All I can ask is that you look deep into this case so you can really find the truth† (Troy). There are a countless number of convicts like Troy Davis that are sentenced to death, but insist they are innocent. How do we know if they are truly guilty or n ot? Just because a Jury finds a person guilty, does not mean they are. From 1976-2005, 119 people were released from death row with evidence of their innocence Cost).This hooked push lawmakers to abolish capital punishment, also known as, the death penalty. There are several reasons why the U. S. Should abolish the death penalty. First, and most obvious, the Innocent may be wrongly executed. There Is proof of wrongfully executed people. Yes, It Is very rare but it has happened before. Secondly, some Jurors are reluctant to convict If It meaner putting someone to death (Should). It Is bad enough to convict someone of a crime they did not do, sentencing an Innocent person to Jail time. Sentencing an Innocent person to death, Is an even more guilt- earning act.Meaning, some Jurors will not convict at all If they know they will have anything to do with putting a person to death. It may be because of their religious beliefs, uncertainty, or anything of that nature. Lastly, capital punish ment Is much more expensive than life In prison. It costs around $500,000 to keep a person In prison (Reasons). Executions cost approximately $2 million per person (Reasons). A large amount of this money comes from the taxpayers! Many people are for capital punishment and have strong beliefs on why It should stay In the U. S.First, the death penalty gives closure to the families of slain vellums (Should). They feel like Justice has been served. Secondly, It contributes to the problem of overpopulation In the prison system (Should). It Is true all U. S. And state federal prisons are overpopulated, some as much as 33% (U. S. ). Another reason people are pro-capital punishment, Is because DNA testing Is now available and can now effectively eliminate almost all uncertainty as to a person's guilt or Innocence (Should). Many people who opposed the death penalty are now for It, all because of the availability of DNA testing.They think If DNA proves a person Is guilty, then they are guilty . However, what If there Is not any DNA evidence, but other evidence linking a person to a crime such as, an eyewitness? Executing the murderer of a volt will give closure to the velum's family. What If simply meaner the real murderer is out on the street and able to take more lives. Pro capital punishment activists believe executing death row inmates will help solve the overpopulation problem in the U. S prisons. Obviously, yes it would but why would you want to think of a person as a waste of space?That person could actually be innocent and ultimately executed to help with the overpopulation Just because he was wrongfully convicted. Pro capital punishment activists also believe since DNA evidence is available now, there is almost no way a person can be wrongfully convicted. However, like Troy Davis' trial, some cases have no DNA evidence linking to them to a crime. WSDL you still execute them? The United States is ranked fifth in the world behind China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and Ira q, among the number of executions (Death).

Comparing Reactions to Industrialism in Frankenstein and...

Reactions to Industrialism in Frankenstein and The Communist Manifesto The radical changes of the nineteenth century were unlike any the world had seen before. A sense of these changes were felt by all in many aspects; not just politically, but in social and cultural means as well. When Mary Shelleys Frankenstein was published in 1831, it was clear that many general elements of the romantic era were well reflected. Similarly, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels The Communist Manifesto appeared in 1848, a time of great national political revolutions throughout Europe. While textually these historic nineteenth century texts have little in common, it is clear however that they both are strong reactions to previous movements†¦show more content†¦Curious and determined, Walton sets out to tread a land never before imprinted by the foot of man in an effort to live up to his Romantic ideals and describes his motivations as sufficient to conquer all fear of danger or death. Like Walton, Victor is obsessed with the idea of the undiscovered. In n arrating his first attempts at scientific endeavor, Victor exclaims, no one can conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onward like a hurricane, in the first enthusiasm of success. It is obvious that both Walton and Victor are driven by an uncommonly avid passion for discovery. Walton, however, differs from Victor in his capacity for compassion and love. This is illustrated by Victors isolation from society and his callous treatment of the monster upon its completion. Many of the more hateful aspects of Victors character become apparent in his reaction to the creature. He responds with horror the instant the monster opens his dull yellow eye: now... the beauty of the dream vanished, and breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. While one may assume that his loathing is due to the hideousness of the wretch , his terror has quite a different source. The monster is a reflection of Victor; when the monster opens his eyes Victor is appalled to see his own soul re flected there. For Victor, his decision to abandon the creature is the beginning of the

How The Judicial And Incarceration Process Worked Essay

Introduction In every community there is an element of crime. During my time as a Law Enforcement Officer, I had a front row seat to see the intricate and often violent interactions between the two. There were still many aspects I did not have a full grasp on. During my time in this class, I gained a more complete understanding of how the judicial and incarceration process worked. In this paper I will discuss what I found enlightening about the course materials. I will also discuss the information I gain from the guest speakers. Lastly I will make my recommendations for the class in the future. Diving into the text When we think about what happens when a criminal is arrested, we just assume that they will end up in jail, but that is not always the case. Not only are there jail, and prisons, but there are also probation, house arrest, and parole. In the text we learned how the system has many different ways of sentencing a person that was convicted of a crime. It is up to a judge to review what the sentencing investigation reports and decides which one of these punishments is appropriate. We looked at the different levels of incarceration; minimum, medium, maximum and super max. We learn that unlike county jails, there are no space limitations to state and federal prisons. Also we looked at different case laws that determine what the police and courts can and cannot do. For example we looked at when an officer by law needs to Mirandize a suspect. We also looked at when aShow MoreRelatedThe Adam Gopniks The Caging Of America1569 Words   |  7 Pages What is Just, Not What is Fair â€Å"How did we get here? How is it that our civilization, which rejects hanging and flogging and disembowelling, came to believe that caging vast numbers of people for decades is an acceptably humane sanction?†, asks Adam Gopnik, a writer for The New Yorker in â€Å"The Caging of America†. So how did we get here? What has it done to our society? 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The Impact Of Media On Youtube And Facebook - 954 Words

Since the advent of the internet and the yearly increase in connectivity shrinking the digital divide, information and media have become increasingly accessible to many more people. Our personal consumption of media has become extremely tailored due to individualization. With â€Å"web-based mass alternative media offer increased range, immediacy, and ease over traditional alternatives† (Owens and Palmer, 2003; p 339) we are given the opportunity to customize both our virtual and tangible experience. The development of this multi-modal communication can be seen by the plethora of online media vehicles such as Youtube, Kickstarter, Indiegogo, Twitter, and Facebook; new unifications of creators, large companies, and politicians have begun to utilize these mediums to fulfil their relevant agendas. An example of this would be the development of politics on Youtube and Facebook. The communicative technology fosters more transparency and authenticity from politicians, inhibiting their ability to control information/image while providing previously passive audiences the opportunity to become active in both creating and sharing dialogue while challenging claims made in the mass media. â€Å"Politicians have discovered how to govern through social media, developing policy support and managing public opinion via direct, unfiltered communication on YouTube† (McMilan, 2015, pp 1-2). Politicians such as Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders are constantly being re-posted/blogged/tweeted and have becomeShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of New Media On Politics1504 Words   |  7 Pages The impact of new media on politics in America There is no question that over the years various forms of media have been instrumental tools for politics in this country. In the earliest years of this nation’s politics, the number of politically sponsored newspapers was significant. 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First, Zwinktopia users fit the target demographic for the UnME Jeans brand. Its users span the age range she is marketing to—teenage girls. The Forrester Research Study of Interest in Marketer Profiles on Social Networking Sites reported the following:

Legalising Prostitution Debate, communication model and evaluation Free Essays

Section 1: Group Discussion This section contains what was discussed during group discussion session. The general area of prejudice chosen for discussion was prostitution. Dubbed the oldest profession, there was unanimous observation among group members that prostitution is still loathed in the society, and commercial sex workers, mostly women, are still treated with contempt within our society. We will write a custom essay sample on Legalising Prostitution: Debate, communication model and evaluation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The common notion about prostitution is that whilst men are often ‘buyers’ of sex service from prostituting women, the latter are victims of exploitation. The term exploitation is used because women who engage in prostitution are seen to be compelled to engage in commercial sexual activities against their will. Whilst the common fact is that women who engage in prostitution see it as a source of income, and participate in it with their full consent without coercion, we observed that it is quite difficult to convince a person whose belief is entrenched in the moral dimension of commercial sex work that it is a normal activity. The prejudice against women is also entrenched by the belief that women who engage in this trade are of lesser social standing, even though this is always not the case. The other common belief is that while women prostitutes are looked down upon, men do not suffer any form of prejudice. In other words, men are often seen as the exploiters of sex workers, and hence do not enjoy any fair share of prejudice. On the other hand, both men and women engaging in prostitution are seen as morally repugnant, hence the common prejudice that come with it. The debate to legalise prostitution or not has been in the public domain for quite some time now. But it is the increased attention that it has received in the recent past that has invoked a lot of passionate debate in many legal jurisdictions as regards whether to legalise it or not. We may be all aware that one of the reasons why same-sex marriage has gained much currency today is because it is no longer viewed as socially unacceptable to the extent that it is not legal to hold gay couples in contempt in many countries. In recent past, it was not difficult to meet some strong views against marijuana user; with some even believing that the latter were losers who should be kept at the periphery of the society. However, criticism over marijuana use has waned in the recent past because of the recent revelation that it could be used to treat cancer. In addition, marijuana has also been used for pain relief for some time. This recent development has meant opposition to campaigns to keep marijuana illegal is at an all-time low. However, the same cannot be said about prostitution. The stigma associated with the sex trade remains strong, with women and men engaging in it seen as socially ambiguous individuals without moral standing in society. This kind of idea can promote dangerous conducts towards prostitutes. The fact that prostitutes are not regarded highly puts them at more risks to abuse including rape and murder. In addition, prostitutes are more likely to contract sexually transmitted diseases, further endangering their lives. Decriminalising prostitution will not only protect women but will also improve their safety and their rights, because however much it is made illegal, the oldest profession is not likely to go away anytime. Section 2: Commentary and Rationale This section will cover commentary on the topic and discuss it based on the chosen model of communication, the heuristic-systematic model. The debate on whether to legalise prostitution or not has intensified in the recent past, with voices advocating for the latter increasing in number every day. It’s no doubt that the stigma associated with prostitution is real, and remains strong amidst the growing knowledge that it will not stop any time soon. This is despite the rising evidence that decriminalising the trade has some significant health benefits. Research by two economists, Scott Cunningham and Manisha Shah (cited in Albarracin, et al., 2005, p. 78), looked at the situation in Rhodes Island when prostitution was accidentally decriminalised and found that cases of gonorrhoea had drastically reduced, as rape incidences. . Shannon et al. (2004, cited in Griffin, 2006, p.139) also confirmed this result when they conducted a study in Vancouver, British Colombia, and found out that decriminalising of prostitution can significantly reduce HIV prevalence by minimising its spread. Despite all the evidence showing the benefits of legalising prostitution, the benefits have not attracted the attention of the legislators. . In addition, many have argued that idea of legalising prostitution is unattractive to voters and therefore to politicians. There is need to focus on presenting arguments that provide options to the intended audience on the need to legalise abortion, and that is where the model for persuasive communication will be necessary in the subsequent section of this paper. The Heuristic-Systematic Model of Social Information Processing The concept of persuasion is an important aspect to not only convincing the people to accept an idea but also to drive changes of mind towards the accomplishment of the idea. The Heuristic-Systematic Model (Chaiken Trope, 1999) recognises that people either use heuristics and short-cuts to decide on important issues, or use a systematic mechanism that processes the merits and demerits of an argument. The Heuristic approach suggests that the decision-maker asks questions such as of ‘how do I feel about this issue?’ despite the recognition that such questions can cause problems of understanding and choice, particularly when the person facing the decision dilemma mixes up the cause and the effect of their emotions. In other words, the Heuristic-Systematic Model recognises that in any argument there are a number of variables that are conceptually independent of the message quality and which are likely to influence people to act or agree with the proposed idea. Dillard Pfau (2002) state that that these variables are able to qualitatively differentiate information processing, and give people more room to negotiate with their thinking process. It is important to recognise that people rarely process information in perfect conditions, because there are often environmental and cognitive constraints that tend to either limit the broadness of reasoning or curtail information processing. In this line of thought, people tend to process information economically; investing only in cognitive efforts when they feel motivated enough with a number of cognitive resources. In the prostitution decriminalisation debate, this can be said to affect that the way people reason, that is, arguments are likely to be based on strong environmental and cognitive influences entrenched by history, personal interest or fear, religious and cultural convictions. For instance, some arguments have emerged that prostitution should remain illegal because legalising it will mean women of loose morals will increasingly tempt men of good morals to increasingly betray their families. This kind of argument tends to make out that women who engage in prostitution a re the villains. The other belief is that women who engage in prostitution should be protected from being hurt against: sexually transmitted diseases, unruly pimps, and exploitation. The other argument would only be based on religion and historical cultural practices that prohibits prostitution as a trade. The three lines of arguments are motivated by different lines of thought, which can fall in either heuristic or systematic message processing mechanism. Ironically, the arguments against prostitution which include the view that women of loose morals prey upon upstanding men of good morals and lead them to betray their families has been accepted in some countries such as Sweden, which in 1999, criminalised the buying of sex but allowed individuals to continue selling it (Dillard Pfau, 2002). Many proponents of this legislation argued that violence against prostituting in women is inherent, and that the best way was to reduce prostitution prevalence by limiting activities of the potential buyers. On the other hand, the State of Nevada, United States legalised prostitution to protect women from exploitation and abuse (Taleb, 2012). The Heuristic- Systematic model posits that people generally process persuasive information systematically only when they are fully motivated. When one is in a systematic mode, they tend to take into consideration all relevant pieces of information, elaborately analyse the information, and make a judgment based on the elaborated issues. However, whenever people are not adequately motivated or do not possess sufficient cognitive resources, they often resort to processing of information heuristically or superficially. People in a heuristic mode of thinking consider only a few or a single informational cue and come up a judgment based on the cues. Whilst decriminalising or legalising prostitution has attracted massive debate, its inability to pass the legislative hurdle or even attract attention of the political class has been overbearing for its proponents. In other words, legalising of sex trade has not been high amongst the priorities of many legislative agendas for many countries, including United Kingdom and United States (Taleb, 2012). The reason why the Heuristic- Systematic model can work towards pushing for the legalisation of prostitution is because of its dualism nature, which allows the message to reach different classes of people. The goal here is to get support for legislation that would see prostitution decriminalised, and protect the parties involved. . Expert advice backed by research findings are powerful tool to convince legislators, who may not take their time to scrutinise the quality of persuasive arguments, and mostly prefer quick fixes in making decisions. Packaging a message heuristically can allow the legislators to pick the cue, and avoid the difficult process of differentiating a strong and a weak message (Griffin, 2006). Reimer, et al (2004, p.81) observe that â€Å"people who expect to discuss a persuasion message later are more affected by the number of persuasive arguments but are never affected by the attractiveness of the communicator.† It is presumed that the importance of the message easily induce systematic processing of the message. By contrast, people who do not expect to discuss the message are often affected by how attractive the communicator is, and not affected by the number of persuasive arguments (Reimer, et al, 2004). Studies have proven that motivational variables affect the mode in which people process persuasive arguments. These variables include personal relevance of the message, importance of the task, attitude accountability and exposure to a person’s attitude (Chaiken Trope, 1999). On the other hand, there are cognitive resource variables that affect the mode of message processing, which includes distraction, repetition of the message, creating time pressure, and modality of communication, knowledge and expertise (Griffin, 2006). Although it is important to recognise these modes of communicating the message in terms of communicating the value of legalising prostitution, it should not appear as though there is any form of dissociation of the variables at the early stage of the group means (Griffin, 2006). Similarly, heuristically communicating the message should be able to have direct effects on the attitudes of the target group. In this aspect, when the people agree in a consensus t hat prostitution should be legalised, then it can be considered correct and valid for acceptance. An important factor which should be covered by any dual-process model is how the two processes interact or work together. Although one may argue that the two processes, heuristic and systematic are mutually exclusive or are competing concepts, in this case of legalising prostitution they should work together. The Heuristic-Systematic model posits that the two processes, heuristic and systematic, are indeed working simultaneously. Evidence of how these two processes can work is when arguments pitting two judgmental implications of both of them. For instance, an expert source delivering a message consisting of weak arguments can present a scenario where both systematic and heuristic processing of messages is done under different levels of motivation. It is also important to note that the heuristic-systematic model attenuates that wherever the two processes opposes each other, the implica tions the comes from systematic processing can â€Å"easily attenuate the impact of heuristic given that people are sufficiently motivated.† For example, Griffin, (2006).found out those highly motivated participants who were presented with consensus cue information that is inconsistent with the attributes singularly based their judgments on their own cognitive prowess in relation to the product attributes. This concept is applicable in the case of prostitution legalisation debate, in the sense that legislators can use their own cues and decide on the legislative agendas that will legalise commercial sex work. Section 3: Evaluation Proposal Evaluating heuristic- systematic model effectiveness is an important part of this model’s success towards ensuring the message to legalise prostitution is effectively passed. Effective communications needs evaluation, which helps to identify the impact of the efforts made in passing the message to the target audience. To effectively monitor the communication model, various tools shall be used in the process. Public opinion evaluation: Getting the opinions of the public as far as legalising prostitution is concerned is an important point to start from. Public opinion monitoring tool will be used to ask the public if they heard about the campaign to legalise prostitution from opinion leaders including legislators and non-governmental organisations. In addition, the questions will be directed to ask the public whether they agree with the manner in which legislators in support of the prostitution presented their messages or agreed with them in the context and reasons given by the leaders. For example, questions such as: Whose arguments made sense in the call to legalise prostitutionAnd whyThe questionnaire trackers will be recorded in terms of age, gender, work status, tenacity. The methodology to be used will remain consistent over time to allow for the tracking of metrics over time for comparison purposes. Evaluating media Evaluating the media response on how effective the proposed model will work, the formal process for evaluating the impact of the campaign in the media is to analyse whether it can be replicated and made part of regular campaign mechanism. Media Coverage Before Campaign (airtime/space) Coverage After Campaign (airtime/ space) % Increase in Coverage BBC National News BBC London ITV National News London Tonight Evening Standard Metro Radio 4 Times The table above will provide a guideline on how the media coverage has increased/ or decreased due to the campaign. This will be able to help bring depth to the understanding of our campaign, and if the media (both mainstream and tabloids) respond to increased debate. By monitoring how the media has changed the amount of airtime/ or newspaper coverage space in covering the legislative debates, it is possible to analyse the outcome of the campaign in ensuring the legislators continually discuss the possibility of decriminalising or legalising prostitution. The media monitoring will be conducted by assistants on everyday basis, and compiled in a weekly report for tracking if there is any change in trends. Each article or piece of broadcast coverage will be allocated points based on the following criteria: Positivity/negativity of the message (in favour of legalising prostitution): analysing the articles, opinions, newspaper columns and news coverage. Positivity/ negativity of the headlines: positive mentions of the campaign groups, legislators; and Neutrality of opinions reported Finally, a range of stories will be typically evaluated and compiled on a daily basis, and tabulated on a weekly basis. Classification of stories will ensure the campaign program can be understood in the manner in which the media responds to the legislative debates, which is likely to translate into public debate as well. References Albarracin, D., Johnson, B. T., Zanna, M. P. (2005). The handbook of attitudes. Mahwah, N.J: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers Chaiken, S., Trope, Y. (1999). Dual-process theories in social psychology. New York: Guilford Press. Dillard, J.P. Pfau, M. (2002). The persuasion Handbook: Developments in Theory and Practice. NY: Sage Publications. Griffin, E. A. (2006). A first look at communication theory (6th ed.). Boston, MA; McGraw Hill. Reimer, T., Mata, R Stoecklin, M. (2004). The use of Heuristics in Persuasion: Deriving Cues on Source Expertise from Argument Quality. In Current Research in Social Psychology, 10(6), 69-83. Taleb, N. (2012). Antifragile: Things That Gain from Disorder. New York: Random House. How to cite Legalising Prostitution: Debate, communication model and evaluation, Essay examples

Time and Tide Waits for No Man free essay sample

We cant own it, but we can use it. We cant keep it, but we can spend it. Once we have lost it, we can never get it back. It is sure and certain that time is like a river. As the current of river flows ahead and never comes back. The same is with time. Once lost it cant be regained. The time and tide is the same. The rise and fall of the sea happen twice daily. When it is time, the tide always comes whatever the situation is and we cant stop it. So that maxim emphasizes that people cannot stop the passing of time and thus would not delay doing things. It is truly said that dont count every hour in the day, make every hour in the day count. We got to be very punctual and studies in our lives about time. We will write a custom essay sample on Time and Tide Waits for No Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The whole world runs along with it. If anyone remains back, he surely will be described as a loser in his life. Time is more valuable than money. We can get more money but we cannot get more time. The value of this maxim is also seen even In fields that do not demand the expenditure of money. Students neglect their studies when their classes are going on.They think that their examination Is far-off, and so postpone their studies to a couple of weeks or months before the date. Such students find themselves In grave difficulties. We must use our precious time meaningfully. The same applies to our health. If we take care of our health In time we need not suffer incurable diseases at old age. If we have slight Indigestion or a mild attack of illness we must take appropriate action at the proper time. Otherwise we will find ourselves In the grip of serious Illness which will mean much suffering and expense later on.Another famous maxim goes, a stitch In time saves nine. It Is Important not to misuse time and we should try our best before the available time Is over. A farmer has to harvest his crops on time but If he neglects, the birds will eat those crops or untimely rain may destroy It. People of our generation fall to recognize the validity of the sayings. As a result they easily fall a prey to adverse circumstances. This Is true In personal life. We should, therefore, realize that little things mean a lot and simultaneously Instill In the minds of others the Important of owning the right thing at the proper time.A successful man only knows the value of time because he has come up with proper us of time Joint with hard work. So, time should not be procrastinated Instead every single second should be used carefully. Then only a person will touch the sky of success. Time and Tide Waits for No Man By Matching Time is free but it is priceless. We cant own it, but we can use it. We cant keep it, but and never comes back. The same is with time. Once lost it cant be regained. When it is time, the tide always comes whatever the situation is and we cant stop it.The value of this maxim is also seen even in fields that do not demand the on. They think that their examination is far-off, and so postpone their studies to a couple of weeks or months before the date. Such students find themselves in grave The same applies to our health. If we take care of our health in time we need not suffer incurable diseases at old age. If we have slight indigestion or a mild attack of ourselves in the grip of serious illness which will mean much suffering and expense Another famous maxim goes, a stitch in time saves nine.It is important not to misuse time and we should try our best before the available time is over. A farmer has to harvest his crops on time but if he neglects, the birds will eat those crops or untimely rain may destroy it. People of our generation fail to circumstances. This is true in personal life. We should, therefore, realize that little things mean a lot and simultaneously instill in the minds of others the important of should not be procrastinated instead every single second should be used carefully.